Article 94 Political Constitution of the United Mexican States

The exercise of the Federal Judiciary is vested in a Supreme Court of Justice, in an Electoral Tribunal, in Regional Plenums, in Collegiate Circuit Courts, in Collegiate Appellate Courts and in District Courts.

The administration of the Federal Judiciary shall be in charge of a judicial administration body, while the discipline of its personnel shall be in charge of the Judicial Discipline Tribunal, in the terms that, in accordance with the bases indicated by this Constitution, the laws establish.

The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation shall be composed of nine members, Ministers, and shall function in Plenary; likewise, with the approval of the Plenary, it may function in two sections. The presidency of the Court shall be renewed every two years in a rotating manner based on the number of votes obtained by each candidacy in the respective election, the presidency corresponding to those who obtain the highest vote.

In the terms provided by law, the sessions of the Plenary and of the sections shall be public.

The competence of the Supreme Court, its operation in Plenary and in sections, the competence of the Regional Plenums, of the Circuit Courts, of the District Courts and of the Electoral Tribunal, as well as the responsibilities incurred by the public officials of the Federal Judiciary, shall be governed by the provisions of the laws and the corresponding general agreements, in accordance with the bases established by this Constitution.

The judicial administration body shall determine the number, division into circuits, territorial competence and specialization by subject matter, among which shall be included that of broadcasting, telecommunications and economic competition, of the Collegiate Circuit Courts, of the Collegiate Appellate Courts and of the District Courts.

Likewise, by means of general agreements they shall establish Regional Plenums, which shall exercise jurisdiction over the circuits that the agreements themselves determine. The laws shall establish their integration and operation.

The law shall establish the form and procedures by means of open competitions for the integration of the jurisdictional organs, observing the principle of gender parity. The election of the Circuit Magistrates, as well as of the District Judges, shall be governed by the bases provided in article 96 of this Constitution.

The Plenary of the Supreme Court of Justice shall be empowered to issue general agreements, in order to achieve an adequate distribution of the matters that it is competent for the Court to hear, as well as to remit matters to the Regional Plenums and to the Collegiate Circuit Courts, for greater promptness in the dispatch of the same. Said agreements shall take effect after being published.

The amparo proceedings, the constitutional controversies and the actions of unconstitutionality shall be substantiated and resolved on a priority basis when any of the Chambers of the Congress, through its president, or the Federal Executive, through the legal counsel to the government, justifies the urgency attending to social interest or public order, in the terms of the provisions of the regulatory laws.

The law shall fix the terms in which the case law established by the Courts of the Federal Judiciary on the interpretation of the Constitution and general norms is binding, as well as the requirements for its interruption.

The reasons that justify the decisions contained in the judgments (sentencias) issued by the Plenary of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation by a majority of six votes shall be binding for all the jurisdictional authorities of the Federation and of the states (federal entities).

The remuneration that the Ministers of the Supreme Court, the Circuit Magistrates, the District Judges, the Magistrates of the Judicial Discipline Tribunal, the Electoral Magistrates and other personnel of the Federal Judiciary receive for their services may not be greater than that established for the person holding the Presidency of the Republic in the corresponding budget and shall not be diminished during their office.

The Ministers of the Supreme Court of Justice shall hold their office for twelve years and may only be removed from it in the terms of Title Four of this Constitution.

No person who has been minister may be elected for a new period.